Multi-objective loading pattern enhancement of PWR based on the Discrete Firefly Algorithm

► We developed a Discrete Firefly Algorithm (DFA) for PWR core fuel management optimization. ► LPO results indicate that the proposed DFA has the ability to obtain near optimized core pattern. ► The major advantages of DFA are its low computational cost and fast convergence. ► Our experience with DFA indicates that it is reliable for LPO problem and also is easy to implement.