Work and heat integration: An emerging research area

As a result, Composite and Grand Composite Curves will change shape due to pressure changes in the process. The thermodynamic path of process streams from supply (pressure, temperature) to target state is not known and depends on the sequence of heating, cooling, compression and expansion. This paper introduces a definition and describes the development of WHENs. Future research challenges related to methodology development and industrial applications will be addressed. The potential of WHENs will be indicated through examples in literature.