Novel fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor hybrid power source for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles

A fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) is more advantageous compared to a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine based vehicle or a traditional hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) because of using only one electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine or an electric motor in combination with an internal combustion engine. This study proposes a novel fuel cell (FC)/battery/supercapacitor (SC) hybrid power source to be utilized in FCHEVs. The power source includes a 90 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack used as the main power source and a 19.2 kW Lithium (Li)-ion battery together with a 600 F SC bank used as the auxiliary energy storage devices. A prototype of the FC/battery/SC hybrid power source has been constructed, and experimental verifications are presented that explicitly substantiate having a power efficiency of 96.2% around the rated power, highly accurate DC-link voltage regulation and producing an appropriate three-phase stator current for the traction motor by using PWM technique are the main contributions of this work. Providing a maximum speed of 161 km/h, 0-100 km/h acceleration in 12.2 s and a cruising range of 545 km are the other advantages. The proposed FC/battery/SC hybrid power source is also compared to the state of the art of all kinds of power sources used in FCHEVs and reported in the literature that clearly demonstrates its better performance such as higher speed and acceleration.