Innovative 0D transient momentum based spray model for real-time simulations of CI engines

The paper presents an innovative mechanistically based spray model intended for use in mixture-controlled-combustion models. The primary objective of the spray model is to predict masses of fuel within selected limits of excess air ratios during and after the end of injection. The model is based on a 0D non-vaporizing and non-reacting modelling framework to ensure short computational times. These assumptions represent clear simplifications compared to the real transient spray propagation phenomena in reacting turbulent flows. However, from the study, it is concluded that the modelling framework is capable of attaining an adequate level of predictability for system-level applications. The model is capable of predicting spray detachment from the nozzle after the end of injection. This feature is crucial for plausible prediction of masses within selected excess air ratios. The spray model is also capable of determining the fuel mass reaching the wall. In addition, the spray modelling framework is capable of considering injection rate-shaping and evaluating its impact on predicted masses of fuel within selected limits of excess air ratios. The spray model is successfully validated against experimental data for varying injection parameters and ambient densities, demonstrating its reliability and applicability.