Are fluctuations in natural gas consumption per capita transitory? Evidence from time series and panel unit root tests

In order to provide corroborating evidence, we employed not only the first and second generation panel unit root tests, but also the recent LM panel unit root test developed by Im et al. [28]. This test allows for structural breaks both in intercept and slope. The empirical findings support evidence in favor of stationarity of natural gas consumption for all panels. These results announce that any shock to natural gas consumption has a transitory impact for almost all countries implying that energy consumption will turn back to its time trend.