Benchmark modeling of the Sleipner CO2 plume: Calibration to seismic data for the uppermost layer and model sensitivity analysis

Comparison of simulated time-series CO2 plume with observed plumes derived from seismic amplitude data. Upper panel: CO2 plume from seismic data (Boait et al., 2012). Middle panel: Simulated plume from this study. The black outlines are the observed areal extents of CO2 plume; Bottom panel: Simulated plume from Singh et al. (2010).