Techno-economic performance and challenges of applying CO2 capture in the industry: A case study of five industrial plants

The results show the lowest CO2 avoidance costs for the refineries (24-57 €/t) and chemical plants (37-124 €/t) when operated in oxyfuel combustion mode, both for the short and long term, although post-combustion is economically preferable for the smallest chemical plant (117 €/t) in the short term. For the hydrogen plant, avoidance costs (67 €/t) are lowest when capturing CO2 solely from the high-pressure process gas. For the short term cases, spatial constraints on existing plant sites could increase the indicated CO2 avoidance costs, especially for post-combustion capture; for the long term cases, new-built capture ready process units, plant integration and optimized utilities are expected to lower the avoidance costs for all three capture technologies.