Is open-loop recycling the lowest preference in a circular economy? Answering through LCA of glass powder in concrete

The originality of this paper relies on the environmental assessment of the up-cycling of GP as a supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in concrete. Indeed, this study allows for a better understanding of environmental impact of concrete and highlights the extent to which environmental benefits remain when mixed waste glass is used in an open-loop circular-economy context. At a larger scale, this study aims to encourage all municipalities/government that are struggling with common waste - such as mixed waste glass -- to find industrial symbioses at a local scale.