Barriers to and enablers of district cooling expansion in Sweden

The results indicate that lack of information is the most important current barrier to DC expansion, a barrier that could easily be addressed, making information an enabler of DC. Earlier grid-based energy systems in Sweden were established through public-private collaboration, and such collaboration could promote the ongoing expansion of DC. For example, municipalities played an important role when district heating was built, but this has not been the case for DC. Another possible enabler is the eco-labelling of DC, which has so far played a minor role in the Swedish system.