From 50 to 1: integrating literature toward a systemic ecodesign model

Integration plays a key role in ecodesign, with its concept defined as incorporating environmental aspects into projects and product development process of businesses with a life cycle perspective. Assuming the lack of a comprehensive integration framework in accordance with the principles of innovation management, this study aims to fill this research gap. The research method, based on a review of the worldwide literature, used two databases and other sources, classifying and prioritising publications from primary sources. The result was a set of 52 models which was then analysed by encoding the information content according to key variables. Accordingly, a conceptual framework that combines scientific constructs and best practices with five integration principles was created. 1: a three level systemic approach (macro, meso and micro scales), integrating “top-down” and “bottom up” initiatives. 2: at macro level, strategy and goals for innovation and environmental sustainability. 3: at “meso” level, formal incorporation of environmental requirements in the product development process and portfolio management. 4: at “micro” level, implementation of customised ecodesign tools and integration of environmental aspects into project management. 5: in addition to the three levels, a transversal approach focused on change management and the “soft side” of ecodesign, emphasising the company's culture and human factors in a multifunctional vision. The conceptual model is proposed as a synthesis of main theoretical contributions found in the surveyed literature, in a systemic perspective. It is a path towards more effective ecodesign integration, building on fundamental principles of innovation management coupled with environmental sustainability knowledge.