Assessment of the impact of geographical factors on the spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils around the steel production facility in Smederevo (Serbia)

The concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in surface soils in the area surrounding the steel production facility in Serbia was determined to assess the contribution of emissions to pollution. The mean concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were found to be higher than values reported for uncultivated soils world-wide and also exceeded mean concentrations of metals in European soil. Analysis of variance revealed the influence of latitude, longitude and distance from the emission source on heavy metal concentrations in soil. Multivariate statistical techniques (cluster analysis and factor analysis) confirmed previous findings and were also used to investigate relationships between heavy metal concentrations and soil particle size fractions. Regression analysis showed that the latitude, longitude and distance from the source are good predictors of heavy metal concentrations in soil. Geostatistical analysis revealed the spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations in soil and their correlation with prevailing winds in the investigated area.