Comparative LCA of sewage sludge valorisation as both fuel and raw material substitute in clinker production

► The use of urban sewage sludge in clinker production was evaluated by the LCA. ► The sludge drying and the lime sludge stabilization processes were considered. ► Both scenarios showed CO2 savings when compared to the non substitution scenario. ► Results indicate that raw material scenario has minimal impact in clinker production. ► The mid-point and end-point analysis were favourable to the fuel substitution.