Statistical multipath model comparative analysis of different GNSS orbits in static urban canyon environment

GNSS multipath channel characteristics research and modeling is an important but not well-solved topic. Therefore, we conducted a series of on-field research experiments from June 2015 to August 2017 at Shanghai Lujiazui area in China to study the multipath channel model of different satellite orbits for static urban canyon environment. A wideband GNSS intermediate frequency (IF) data sampling and recording platform are built up to capture real BDS B1 and GPS L1 signal. An advanced multipath estimation algorithm software is designed to extract multipath parameters from these real signal data. More than 16,400 multipath echoes are found in the on-field experiments. Based on the data, we analyze three core parameters about multipath - delay, power and lifetime. It is found that the multipath delay follows Gamma distribution. It is verified that the multipath power-delay profile follows a log-linear decline model, and the multipath lifetime follows a quasi-exponential decrease. The model feature parameters of different orbit satellite are analyzed and compared. This research deepens our insights into multipath channel characteristics in urban canyon environment and will be helpful for the design of both GNSS receivers and simulators.