Nonlinear resonance and envelope instability of intense beam in axial symmetric periodic channel

When an intense charged particle beam propagates through a given periodic focusing channel, it will experience the phenomena of nonlinear resonance, collective instability or chaotic motion with different conditions. In this paper, the collective envelope instability mechanisms are studied for symmetric beam propagation in an axially symmetric periodic channel. The beam is characterized as collectively stable if there exists a stable fixed point (SFP) located at the matched beam condition (rm,0) in (r,pr) phase space. It is found that the well-known collective envelope instability is dynamically related to the period-two orbits bifurcation of the matched SFP, meanwhile the unique stable SFP turns into an unstable saddle-node, surrounded by 1/2 resonance islands. However, higher orders of resonance (l/n, n>2) coming from period-n bifurcation will not lead to collective beam instability because a new SFP emerges immediately upon the bifurcation process. The orders of SFP bifurcation is numerically depicted by the envelope tune ν=ϕ/360, where ϕ is the eigenphase of the Poincaré tangent map T(s) in one focusing period at SFP, as functions of depressed phase advance. With strong space charge, due to these resonances from SFP bifurcation could be overlapped, mismatched beam would even show chaotic motion. For specific parameters, regular orbits, resonance islands, chaotic regions formed by resonance overlapping are clearly depicted with frequency analysis and Lyapunov spectral exponents, a method that may prove useful when extended to higher phase-space dimensions.