Effective dose evaluation of NORM-added consumer products using Monte Carlo simulations and the ICRP computational human phantoms

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential hazard of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) added consumer products. Using the Monte Carlo method, the radioactive products were simulated with ICRP reference phantom and the organ doses were calculated with the usage scenario. Finally, the annual effective doses were evaluated as lower than the public dose limit of 1 mSv y−1 for 44 products. It was demonstrated that NORM-added consumer products could be quantitatively assessed for the safety regulation.