Comparison of Respiratory-Gated and Respiratory-Ungated Planning in Scattered Carbon Ion Beam Treatment of the Pancreas Using Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography

Although gated treatment minimized excessive dosing to normal tissue, the difference between treatment strategies was small. Respiratory gating may not always be required in pancreatic treatment as long as dose distribution is assessed. Any application of our results to clinical use should be undertaken only after discussion with oncologists, particularly with regard to radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy.