The effects of angiotensin II and the oxidative stress mediator 4-hydroxynonenal on human osteoblast-like cell growth: possible relevance to otosclerosis

► HNE-protein adducts were detected in normal and otosclerotic stapes. ► Various distribution patterns of HNE-protein adducts were seen in otosclerosis. ► Angiotensin II interacts with HNE in a dose-dependent manner. ► Ang II (0.1 nM) plus HNE (2.5 μM) stimulates proliferation of HOS cells. ► HNE (10 μM) and Ang II at 0.1, 0.5, and 1 nM concentrations decrease HOS cell proliferation.