Interaction of tumor cells with the immune system: implications for dendritic cell therapy and cancer progression

► Continuous demand for preclinical modeling of the interaction of DCs with the immune system and cancer cells. ► In silico modeling and in vivo cell and animal approaches for non-clinical proof of safety and efficacy. ► Animal models finally narrowing the gap from bench to bedside. ► Translation to the clinic with precaution. ► Most significant results from immunological investigations during clinical trials of DC therapies.