Correlation of graft immune composition with outcomes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: Moving towards a perfect transplant

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) offers an important curative therapy for hematological malignancies and other diseases. A number of studies have demonstrated the association of immune compositions in allografts with outcomes after allo-SCT, which promote graft engineering to improve transplant prognosis. This review summarizes the advances in investigating the correlation of the graft immune compositions with transplant outcomes in different transplant modalities, focusing on the immune subsets likely to have the greatest impact on clinical outcomes. The progress made in graft engineering in order to design novel transplant protocols, to decrease graft-versus-host disease and relapse and to improve immune recovery is also discussed. It is our belief that an adoptive immune subset transfer to improve clinical outcomes might represent a future direction.