Estimation of blood glucose by non-invasive infrared thermography for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: An alternative for blood sample extraction

► Non-invasive estimation of HbA1c from the skin surface temperature. ► Visual indication of the metabolic changes from the human thermogram. ► Non-contact, core body temperature measurement at the inner canthus of the eye. ► Non-invasively estimated HbA1c vs biochemical means (ROC curve). ► Validation results indicate IR thermography has early diagnostic characteristics.