Characterization of a Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway in Biomphalaria glabrata and its potential regulation by NF-kappaB

- A highly conserved Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway exists in B. glabrata.
- NF-κB-binding sites were predicted upstream of genes for TLR pathway components.
- Several putative κB-binding sites were specifically bound by Rel homology domain.
- B. glabrata TLR pathway may be partially regulated by NF-κB.
- B. glabrata NF-κB may self-regulate its activity via regulation of IκB expression.