Diet with high content of advanced glycation end products induces systemic inflammation and weight gain in experimental mice: Protective role of curcumin and gallic acid

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of diet derived AGEs (dAGEs) on the circulatory levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and to evaluate the protective efficacy of natural anti-oxidants curcumin (CU) and gallic acid (GA) respectively against the dAGEs-induced systemic inflammation in experimental Swiss albino mice. The experimental mice were fed with dAGEs in the presence and absence of CU and GA for 6 months. The levels of 40 circulatory pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were evaluated using Proteome-Cytokine Array kit. In addition, serum levels of N-ɛCML, CRP and HbA1c were estimated by ELISA method. Among the sixteen pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines analysed, five (IL-16, IL-1α, ICAM, TIMP-1 and C5a) were found to be highly expressed (3.5-fold) and eleven cytokines were moderately expressed (2-fold) in dAGEs fed mice. In case of chemokines, three (BLC, SDF-1 and MCP-1) were found to be highly expressed (4-fold) and ten showed moderate expression (2-fold) as compared with basal diet fed mice. Interestingly, CU or GA co-treatment normalized the levels of circulatory pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, N-ɛCML, CRP and HbA1c levels. Together, the present study suggests that dAGEs are positively associated with the development of systemic inflammation in experimental mice.