Intraosseous cannulation in children

In an emergency situation when intravenous (IV) access cannot be rapidly achieved, the intraosseous (IO) route is recommended in order to infuse medications and fluids. Specifically designed needles make this technique quick, easy and reliable. This article describes the anatomy and physiology relevant to IO cannula insertion as well as indications and contraindications for IO use. The variety of devices and the techniques for their use in the paediatric population are discussed.