Collagenase-1 (-1607 1G/2G), Gelatinase-A (-1306 C/T), Stromelysin-1 (-1171 5A/6A) functional promoter polymorphisms in risk prediction of type 2 diabetic nephropathy

Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a common multifactorial disorder. Degradation of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) by matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) is a key event in the progression of renal disease. A functional polymorphism at position -1607 1G/2G, -1306 C/T and -1171 5A/6A has been shown to alter the transcriptional activity of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-3 respectively, and also associated with several diseases contributing to inter-individual differences in susceptibility to type 2 DN. The study population consisted of 310 type 2 DN patients and 310 healthy controls. Genotypes of MMP-1, 2 and 3 were determined by PCR-RFLP assay. Gene interactions, Linkage disequilibrium, and haplotype analysis were carried out by MDR analysis and Haploview software respectively. The promoter binding sites of MMP genes were determined by using Alibaba 2.1 and the gene-gene interactions of MMPs were analyzed by GeneMania. The individuals carrying 2G allele of -1607, C allele of -1306 and 5A/6A genotype of -1171 were associated with type 2 DN susceptibility and progression from stage 1 to stage 5. 2G-5A haplotypes of MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G) and MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A) gene polymorphisms were found to be significantly predominant in the disease group. MDR analysis revealed a strong interaction between the genes under study. 2G allele of MMP-1, C allele of MMP-2 and 5A/6A genotype of MMP-3 were associated with susceptibility and disease progression of type 2 DN and might be used as potential markers for risk prediction and prognosis of type 2 DN.