Correlation of various serum biomarkers with the severity of diabetic retinopathy

T2DM patients with retinopathy have higher levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines and VEGF compared to patients without retinopathy. These proinflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors are involved in the progression of DR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The results showed the importance of inflammation and vascular endothelial growth factor in the progression of NPDR and PDR.