Gut, microbiota-dependent trimethylamine-N-oxide is associated with long-term all-cause mortality in patients with exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Increased circulating TMAO levels per se were associated with long-term all-cause mortality in patients with COPD independent of type of exacerbation. However, this association was largely explained by comorbidities and age. Whether TMAO levels can additionally be influenced by nutritional interventions should be addressed in future studies.