Antibacterial activity of high concentrations of carvedilol against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

- The antibacterial activity of carvedilol is described studied for the first time.
- Significant decrease in Gram-positive bacterial viability was observed after incubation with carvedilol.
- Changes in membrane fatty acid composition were observed after incubation with carvedilol.
- Carvedilol elimination by Gram-negative bacteria was observed.
- Bacterial degradation of carvedilol was described for the first time.