PCR-based evidence showing the presence of Vibrio vulnificus in wound infection cases in Mangaluru, India

Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative, opportunistic human pathogen capable of causing life-threatening septicaemia, wound infections, and gastroenteritis, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Two cases of V. vulnificus-associated wound infection occurring in diabetic patients are reported here. The pathogen was detected by PCR targeting species-specific marker gyrB and virulence markers, including repeats in toxin (rtxA) and hemolysin (vvhA), but the causative agent could not be cultured. Genotyping based on the virulence-correlated gene revealed that the V. vulnificus detected in this study belonged to the vcg-C type, which is commonly associated with clinical cases. This report highlights the clinical applicability of PCR-based methods in the detection of V. vulnificus in culture-negative cases. Such methods may add a very useful clinical dimension to currently used diagnostic practices.