Role of TLRs in the production of chemical mediators in nasal polyp fibroblasts by fungi

Alternaria interacts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern with the PRRs, such as TLR2 and TLR5, which induce the production of inflammatory chemical mediators from nasal polyp fibroblasts. Airborne fungi enhance the innate immune defense mechanism and may be associated with the pathogenesis of nasal inflammatory diseases.