Protocolo diagnóstico del síndrome febril agudo en el paciente trasplantado. Tratamiento empírico

Fever is a common manifestation in recipients of solid organ transplantation (SOT) and stem cell transplantation (SCT). During the first weeks, nosocomial infections predominate such as C. difficile, the infectious complications of surgery and donor-derived infection (in SOT). Initial neutropenia determines the risk of infection in SCT. Infections related to cellular immunosuppression such as pulmonary aspergillosis, CMV infection, P. jirovecii pneumonia, tuberculosis, etc., usually appear after the first month. Bronchoscopy should be considered if there is pulmonary infiltration. Molecular techniques or antigen detection might be necessary (PCR of CMV, cryptococcal antigen, etc.) and biopsy of the graft or affected organs (CMV pneumonitis, graft rejection, recurrence of baseline disease). It is essential to establish the type of transplant, time of fever onset, nosocomial acquisition and organs affected in order to start empirical treatment of the fever.