Diagnosing dengue virus infection: rapid tests and the role of micro/nanotechnologies

Due to the progressive spread of the dengue virus and a rising incidence of dengue disease, its rapid diagnosis is important for developing countries and of increasing relevance for countries in temperate climates. Recent advances in bioelectronics, micro- and nanofabrication technologies have led to new miniaturized point-of-care devices and analytical platforms suited for rapid detection of infections. Starting from the available tests for dengue diagnosis, this review examines emerging rapid, micro/nanotechnologies-based tools, including label-free biosensor methods, microarray and microfluidic platforms, which hold significant potential, but still need further development and evaluation. The epidemiological and clinical setting as key determinants for selecting the best analytical strategy in patients presenting with fever is then discussed. This review is aimed at the clinicians and microbiologists to deepen understanding and enhance application of dengue diagnostics, and also serves as knowledge base for researchers and test developers to overcome the challenges posed by this disease.From the Clinical EditorDengue disease remains a significant problem in many developing countries. Unfortunately rapid diagnosis with easy and low cost tests for this disease is currently still not realized. In this comprehensive review, the authors highlighted recent advances in nanotechnology which would enable development in this field, which would result in beneficial outcomes to the population.

Graphical AbstractDengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease that is mostly endemic in tropical and subtropical areas. Rapid diagnosis of dengue infection is critical to limit pathogen spread and alleviate morbidity and mortality. Recently, the growing capabilities of the micro/nanotechnologies have brought new diagnostic options for this infectious disease. This review presents the challenges, the advances and the clinical implications of current and novel diagnostic technologies for dengue infection, especially emphasizing rapid and micro/nanotechnologies-based diagnostic tools, including label-free biosensor methods, microarray and microfluidic platforms.Figure optionsDownload high-quality image (195 K)Download as PowerPoint slide