Current themes in understanding children's emotion regulation as developing from within the parent–child relationship

• Emotion regulation develops from within the parent–child relationship.
• Fathers’ influence becomes more pronounced across development.
• Culture influences parenting relevant to emotion regulation.
• Children's emotion regulation also affects parents, suggesting bidirectionality.

A large existing literature has established that children's emotion regulation (ER) behaviors and capacities emerge from within the parent–child relationship. This review identified very recently published studies that exemplify contemporary themes in this area of research. Specifically, new research suggests that the influence of fathers, above and beyond that of mothers, becomes more pronounced across development. Further, culture influences how parents socialize emotion and how specific parenting behaviors relate to children's developing ER. Lastly, studies find child-elicited effects, such that children's ER predicts parents’ emotion socialization and other relevant behaviors. We suggest several future directions, including understanding the nature of situations that elicit ER patterns, as well as both expanding upon and integrating the areas highlighted in the review.