Does Intrathecal Morphine in Spinal Anesthesia Have a Role in Modern Multimodal Analgesia for Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty?

ITM was associated with improved POD 0 pain scores and less initial oral/intravenous opioid consumption, which likely contributes to the subsequent improved mobilization and lower rates of PONV. In the setting of a modern regional anesthesia and multimodal analgesia recovery plan for TJA, ITM can still be considered for its benefits.