Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nail Unit: Review of the Literature

Squamous cell carcinoma of the nail unit (SCCNU) is often misdiagnosed and improperly treated because it mimics a number of other conditions. This review details current knowledge of anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of SCCNU. A heightened clinical awareness is critical to treating SCCNU and preventing development of advanced disease at which time amputation is needed and metastasis may occur. Physicians should consider SCCNU in each case of a nail abnormality unresponsive to topical treatment. For adequate diagnosis and excision of SCCNU, timely and appropriate specialist referral is necessary.