Moderators of angiogenesis in muscle flaps: A non-randomised animal study

All study groups were less dependent on their pedicle for perfusion than controls. The use of the harmonic scalpel and increased inflammation seem pro-angiogenic, although they do not reduce flap necrosis after simulated pedicle injury. Neovascularisation will preferentially bridge to the skin at the inset rather than tissues in the base of the wound. It is likely that flap necrosis is the result of a combination of unfavourable variables rather than one in isolation.