Skin tissue engineering using 3D bioprinting: An evolving research field

Although 3D bioprinting shows promise in engineering skin, evidenced by large collective investments from the cosmetic industry, the research is still in its infancy. The resolution, vascularity, optimal cell and scaffold combinations and cost of bioprinted skin are hurdles that need to be overcome before the clinical applicability can be realised. Small scale 3D skin tissue models for cosmetics, drug and toxicity testing as well as tumour modelling are likely to be translated first before we see this technology used in reconstructive surgery patients.