Perceived parental psychological control and adolescent depressive experiences: A cross-cultural study with Belgian and South-Korean adolescents

In recent research on psychologically controlling parenting, debate has arisen about the cross-cultural relevance of this construct, with some scholars arguing that the developmental outcomes of psychological control are culture-bound and others arguing that the detrimental effects of psychological control generalize across cultures. This study aimed to add to this debate by examining the relevance of a distinction between two domain-specific expressions of psychological control (i.e., dependency-oriented and achievement-oriented) in Belgian (N = 290) and South-Korean (N = 321) adolescents. Multi-group path analyses showed that associations between the domains of psychological control, depressive personality, and depressive symptoms were similar between the two samples. Overall, the findings are in line with the notion that the effects of psychological control generalize across culture.