Urinary antimicrobial peptides: Potential novel biomarkers of obstructive uropathy

Induction of AMPs BD-1, NGAL, LL-37, and HIP/PAP was found to occur in urinary tract obstruction. Further evaluation of AMP expression as a biomarker of uroepithelial injury outside of infection is indicated.183Summary Fig. Urinary antimicrobial peptide expression of Control Group compared with Obstructed Group patients when run upon enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. * = statistical significance. ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.