Systematic review of bladder cancer outcomes in patients with spina bifida

Patients with myelomeningocele who developed bladder cancer had aggressive disease. Augmentation did not worsen OS, based on cases reported in the literature. Risk of bladder cancer should be discussed with all myelomeningocele patients.101Summary Fig. Histogram of latency to development of bladder cancer in patients that had previously undergone augmentation (n = 16).