Long-term follow-up after traditional versus modified perineal approach in the management of female epispadias

Female epispadias could be successfully repaired using a single-stage modified perineal approach that achieved good continence with volitional voiding, good cosmetic results and compared favorably with the ones repaired with the YDL technique. The additional step of performing bladder neck tailoring to achieve a funneling configuration seemed to be useful in improving continence.Table. Long-term outcomes for urinary continence for the YDL and single-stage perineal approach.Age at 1st surgeryPostoperative continenceNeed for redo-surgeryFurther procedures for incontinenceNeed for bladder augmentationAge at last follow-upContinence post redo-surgeryYDL BNR (Group 1)14WetYesBNR (Mitchell), appendicovesicostomyYes8Dry with CIC24WetYesBNR YDL, appendicovesicostomyYes15Dry on CIC34WetYesBladder neck Deflux® injectionNo14Dry on CICSingle-stage perineal approach (Group 2)113DryNoN/ANo16Dry217DryNoN/ANo18Dry31Not toilet trainedNoN/ANo2.5N/A41Not toilet trainedNoN/ANo2.5N/A51.5DryNoN/ANo8Dry62DryNoNoNo1Dry71.2Stress IncontinenceYesBladder neck Deflux® injectionNo8Dry85Stress/urgeIncontinenceYesBladder neck Deflux® injectionNo15Dry95Stress/urgeIncontinenceYesBladder neck Deflux® injectionNo10Stress/urge incontinenceBNR, bladder neck reconstruction; YDL, Young-Dees-Leadbetter cervicoplasty.