Acquiring basic and advanced laparoscopic skills in novices using two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D) and ultra-high definition (4K) vision systems: A randomized control study

The 4K vision system improved accuracy in acquiring laparoscopic skills for novices in complex tasks, which was shown in significant reduction in number of errors compared to the 3D and the 2D vision systems. The 3D and the 4K vision systems significantly improved speed and accuracy when compared to the 2D vision system based on shorter performance time, fewer errors and lesser number of repetitions.