The osteoinductive properties of mesoporous silicate coated with osteostatin in a rabbit femur cavity defect model

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is an important regulator of bone formation and remodeling. Our recent findings demonstrate that PTHrP (107–111) (osteostatin) loaded onto silica-based ordered mesoporous SBA15 materials exhibit osteogenic features in osteoblastic cell cultures. We aimed here to elucidate whether these peptide-coated materials might be suitable for promoting bone repair following a cavitary defect in the rabbit femur. Histological examination revealed the absence of significant inflammation or bone resorption within the time of study (4 and 8 weeks) after implantation. At 8 weeks, the peptide-unloaded materials were still separated from the bone marrow by a fibrous cap, which was greatly diminished by the presence of the PTHrP peptide. By using μCT analysis, new bone formation was evident at different distances from the implants, mainly for the latter peptide-loaded biomaterials. This was confirmed by performing immunostaining for different osteoblast markers. Our findings demonstrate that these PTHrP (107–111)-loaded bioceramics significantly improve local bone induction, as compared to that observed with the unloaded material.