The possible DNA damage induced by environmental organic compounds: The case of Nonylphenol

Many pollutants, artificially produced compound, released into the environment through human activity, in which appear to be endocrine disruptor (ED). Nonylphenol (NP) is a chemical substance with a lipophilic linear nonyl chain and a phenolic group. NP induced H2AX (sensitive genotoxic biomarker for detecting DNA-damaging potential). As well as, induces male infertility, and the possible effect (apoptosis and carcinogenesis). The aim of this review was to universally review all accessible literature about the side-effects of NP on DNA damage. We was identified through electronic search several databases such as Scopus, Google scholar and PubMed using MeSH terms include, "Organic Chemicals" and "DNA damage", "DNA damage" and "Nonylphenol" and various combinations of these keywords from 1/1/1970 to 14/5/2016 with language limit. The initial search identified 62,737 potentially eligible studies, of which 28 met the established inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Twenty eight selected studies, include animal model (n = 17), cell line (n = 5), human model (n = 4), Microorganisms (n = 1), solid DNA (n = 1), Infertility (n = 4), apoptosis (n = 5) and carcinogenesis (n = 3). This review highlighted that NP is capable of deleterious effects on DNA damage through their abilities to produce ROS/RNS. We critically discuss the available evidences regarding the effect of NP on carcinogenesis (such as urinary bladder, lung, kidney, liver, and thyroid gland), male fertility (such as change of weights of testes and epididymis, motility, viability, and sperm count and concentration), apoptosis and biochemical changes related to oxidative stress. Finally, it is substantial to take caution at this stage with the continued use of environmental pollutants likes NP that induce DNA damage and apoptosis as well as disrupt male reproductive health.286