The effect of sanctions on the evolution of cooperation in linear division of labor

We analyze this situation using the replicator equation. We reveal that (1) the three-role model has more empirical credibility than the two-role model including B1 and B3, and (2) the producer responsibility system promotes the evolution of cooperation more than the system without sanctioning. (3) the actor responsibility system does not promote the evolution of cooperation if monitoring and detecting defectors is unsuccessful.