کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
8884247 | 1626296 | 2018 | 30 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Particulate sulfur-containing lipids: Production and cycling from the epipelagic to the abyssopelagic zone
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موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه
علوم زمین و سیارات
زمین شناسی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
![عکس صفحه اول مقاله: Particulate sulfur-containing lipids: Production and cycling from the epipelagic to the abyssopelagic zone Particulate sulfur-containing lipids: Production and cycling from the epipelagic to the abyssopelagic zone](/preview/png/8884247.png)
چکیده انگلیسی
There are major gaps in our understanding of the distribution and role of lipids in the open ocean especially with regard to sulfur-containing lipids (S-lipids). Here, we employ a powerful analytical approach based on high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to elucidate depth-related S-lipid production and molecular transformations in suspended particulate matter from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean in this depth range. We show that within the open-ocean environment S-lipids contribute up to 4.2% of the particulate organic carbon, and that up to 95% of these compounds have elemental compositions that do not match those found in the Nature Lipidomics Gateway database (termed “novel”). Among the remaining 5% of lipids that match the database, we find that sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) are efficiently removed while sinking through the mesopelagic zone. The relative abundance of other assigned lipids (sulphoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol (SQMG), sulfite and sulfate lipids, Vitamin D2 and D3 derivatives, and sphingolipids) did not change substantially with depth. The novel S-lipids, represented by hundreds of distinct elemental compositions (160-300â¯molecules at any one depth), contribute increasingly to the lipid and particulate organic matter pools with increased depth. Depth-related transformations cause (i) incomplete degradation/transformation of unsaturated S-lipids which leads to the depth-related accumulation of the refractory saturated compounds with reduced molecular weight (average 455â¯Da) and (ii) formation of highly unsaturated S-lipids (average abyssopelagic molecular double bond equivalents, DBE=7.8) with lower molecular weight (average 567â¯Da) than surface S-lipids (average 592â¯Da). A depth-related increase in molecular oxygen content is observed for all novel S-lipids and indicates that oxidation has a significant role in their transformation while (bio)hydrogenation possibly impacts the formation of saturated compounds. The instrumentation approach applied here represents a step change in our comprehension of marine S-lipid diversity and the potential role of these compounds in the oceanic carbon cycle. We describe a very much higher number of compounds than previously reported, albeit at the level of elemental composition and fold-change quantitation with depth, rather than isomeric confirmation and absolute quantitation of individual lipids. We emphasize that saturated S-lipids have the potential to transfer carbon from the upper ocean to depth and hence are significant vectors for carbon sequestration.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers - Volume 134, April 2018, Pages 12-22
Journal: Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers - Volume 134, April 2018, Pages 12-22
نویسندگان
Blaženka GaÅ¡paroviÄ, Abra PeneziÄ, Sanja Frka, SaÅ¡a KazaziÄ, Richard S. Lampitt, F. Omar Holguin, Nilusha Sudasinghe, Tanner Schaub,