Needle ice formation, induced frost heave, and frost creep: A case study through photogrammetry at Stelvio Pass (Italian Central Alps)

The total frost heave seems to be related to the abundance of fine material (although we couldn't demonstrate it statistically). The absence of statistically significant relationships between frost heave and frost creep could be probably due to the importance of the observed needle ice toppling and the possible sliding of the clasts during the melting phases.