The interpersonal expression of perfectionism among grandiose and vulnerable narcissists: Perfectionistic self-presentation, effortless perfection, and the ability to seem perfect

• The association between perfectionistic self-presentation and narcissism was examined.
• An extended view of perfectionistic self-presentation was included.
• The need to seem effortlessly perfect was positively associated with grandiose narcissism.
• Self-presentation capability was negatively associated with vulnerable narcissism.

The current research focused on perfectionistic self-presentation and its relevance in models of narcissism as a form of overcompensation designed to deflect attention away from self-inadequacies. We took an extended view of perfectionistic self-presentation that includes a defensive need to seem effortlessly perfect and self-presentation capability. A sample of 305 students completed measures of narcissistic grandiosity, narcissistic vulnerability, perfectionistic self-presentation, effortless perfection, and perfectionistic self-presentation capability. Significant positive associations were found between grandiose narcissism and perfectionistic self-promotion and effortless perfection. Vulnerable narcissism was found to be associated will all facets of perfectionistic self-presentation, effortless perfection, and lower perceived ability to seem perfect. The present study paints a picture of grandiose narcissists as involved in promoting a perfect image of the self, pressured to be perfect with apparent ease and perceiving a sense of being able to promote such an image of perfection. In contrast, vulnerable perfectionists have a strong need to seem perfect but they feel unable to project this image. Our results are in keeping with the notion that vulnerable narcissists attempt to hide behind a mask but they do not feel fully capable of projecting an image of perfection.