کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
889966 1472032 2015 4 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Optimists: It could have been worse; Pessimists: It could have been better: Dispositional optimism and pessimism and counterfactual thinking
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
خوشبینی: ممکن است بدتر شده باشد؛ بدبینان: این ممکن است بهتر شده باشد: خوش بینی و بدبینگی و تفکر ضد عقلانی
کلمات کلیدی
تفکر فاقد فاکتور، خوشبینی، بدبینی، تاثیر می گذارد، شناخت، نظریه نظریه
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علم عصب شناسی علوم اعصاب رفتاری
چکیده انگلیسی


• Conceptualized dispositional optimism and pessimism within the context of norm theory
• Found links between cognitive expectancies about the future and counterfactual thinking about past negative events
• Results provide evidence of construct validity for the Counterfactual Thinking for Negative Events Scale.

Optimism and pessimism are cognitive expectancies regarding future events, whereas counterfactual thinking is the cognitive process of imagining alternatives to events that occurred in the past. The purpose of this study was to conceptualize dispositional optimism and pessimism within the context of norm theory and examine relationships between dispositional optimism and pessimism and counterfactual thinking. Undergraduate students (N = 833) completed measures of counterfactual thinking and optimism and pessimism. After controlling for the effects of positive and negative affect, it was found that downward counterfactual thinking (imagining how things could have been worse) was associated with optimism and that upward styles of counterfactual thinking (imagining how things could have been better) were associated with pessimism. These results suggest that thinking about past events is consistent with expectations about the future.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Personality and Individual Differences - Volume 86, November 2015, Pages 122–125
نویسندگان
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