Self-concept clarity: A longitudinal study of Hong Kong adolescents

This is a longitudinal study of the level and normative stability of self-concept clarity and its possible causal relationship with self-esteem. The participants were Hong Kong Chinese adolescents aged 12–21 years. Self-concept clarity was found to be a fairly stable construct over a period of one year. As expected, self-concept clarity associated positively and moderately with self-esteem. Both directions of causal flow gained support but that from self-esteem to self-concept clarity was found to be the stronger.