Validation of capnodynamic determination of cardiac output by measuring effective pulmonary blood flow: a study in anaesthetised children and piglets

Under controlled experimental conditions, COEPBF is associated with excellent agreement and good trending ability when compared with the gold standard COTS. In the paediatric clinical setting, COEPBF performs well; by contrast, COSSD, an operator- and anatomy-dependent technology, appears less reliable than COEPBF.